OET READING SAMPLE 05

Anaphylactic Shock

Paragraph 1

According to a study conducted by Dr. Smith et al. (2019) at the prestigious Institute of Allergy and Immunology, anaphylactic shock is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. Dr. Smith explains, “Anaphylactic shock occurs when the immune system overreacts to an allergen, triggering a cascade of immune responses that can lead to blood vessel dilation, difficulty breathing, and a drop in blood pressure.” This can result in shock, organ failure, and even death if not treated promptly.

Paragraph 2:

Professor Johnson, a renowned allergist, adds, “Anaphylactic shock is a complex condition that can be triggered by various allergens such as foods, medications, insect stings, or latex. In some cases, the time it takes for symptoms to appear can be rapid, while in others, it may be delayed. It is crucial for individuals with known allergies to carry an epinephrine auto-injector to promptly manage an anaphylactic episode.” Epinephrine is a hormone that constricts blood vessels, relaxes airways, and increases heart rate. It can help counteract the effects of the allergic reaction and buy time for further medical intervention.

Paragraph 3:

Dr. Williams, a clinical immunologist, further explains, “During an anaphylactic reaction, the immune system releases large amounts of histamine and other chemicals, leading to widespread inflammation throughout the body. This systemic inflammatory response can affect multiple organ systems.” For example, histamine can cause bronchoconstriction, which narrows the airways and makes breathing difficult. It can also cause vasodilation, which lowers blood pressure and reduces blood flow to vital organs. Other chemicals can cause fluid leakage from blood vessels, resulting in swelling and edema.

Paragraph 4:

Professor Martinez, a pediatrician specializing in allergies, highlights the importance of recognizing the signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. “Common symptoms include hives, swelling of the face and tongue, difficulty breathing, wheezing, dizziness, and a sense of impending doom.” These symptoms can vary in severity and duration depending on the type and amount of allergen exposure. Some people may experience only mild skin reactions or gastrointestinal discomfort, while others may develop life-threatening respiratory or cardiovascular complications.

Paragraph 5:

In a recent study published by the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Dr. Lee and colleagues reported that early recognition and immediate treatment are crucial for a favorable outcome. Dr. Lee states, “The administration of epinephrine is the cornerstone of anaphylaxis management. It helps reverse the allergic reaction and stabilizes blood pressure.” However, epinephrine is not a cure for anaphylaxis. It only provides temporary relief and does not prevent the possibility of a biphasic reaction, which is a recurrence of symptoms after an initial improvement. Therefore, anyone who experiences anaphylaxis should seek emergency medical care as soon as possible.

Paragraph 6:

Dr. Thompson, an allergy specialist, emphasizes the need for long-term management strategies. “Following an episode of anaphylactic shock, patients should undergo comprehensive allergy testing to identify the specific triggers. Avoidance of allergens and carrying emergency medication are essential preventive measures.” In addition to epinephrine auto-injectors, patients may also benefit from antihistamines, corticosteroids, or other medications to reduce inflammation and prevent future reactions. Patients should also wear medical alert bracelets or carry identification cards that indicate their allergies and treatment plan.

Paragraph 7:

Anaphylactic shock, a severe allergic reaction, is a complex condition triggered by various allergens. The immune system’s overreaction leads to a cascade of responses, including blood vessel dilation, difficulty breathing, and lowered blood pressure. These can cause shock, organ failure, or death if not treated promptly with epinephrine and medical care. Anaphylaxis requires long-term management strategies such as allergy testing, avoidance of triggers, and emergency medication.

Q1. Based on the first paragraph, what can be inferred about Dr. Smith’s study?

1. A) It was conducted at a reputable institution
2. B) It was published in a peer-reviewed journal
3. C) It was funded by a pharmaceutical company
4. D) It was criticized by other experts

Q2. Based on the second paragraph, what is Professor Johnson’s opinion on the time of symptom onset in anaphylactic shock?

1. A) It is unpredictable and variable
2. B) It is consistent and predictable
3. C) It is related to the type of allergen
4. D) It is influenced by the dose of epinephrine

Q3. Based on the third paragraph, what is the meaning of the word “systemic” as used by Dr. Williams?

1. A) Relating to a particular system or organ
2. B) Relating to the whole body or organism
3. C) Relating to a specific cause or factor
4. D) Relating to a general pattern or trend

Q4. Based on the fourth paragraph, what is the tone of Professor Martinez’s statement?

1. A) Urgent and concerned
2. B) Calm and reassuring
3. C) Neutral and objective
4. D) Sarcastic and dismissive

Q5. Based on the fifth paragraph, what is the main finding of Dr. Lee’s study?

1. A) Epinephrine is the only effective treatment for anaphylaxis
2. B) Epinephrine can prevent a biphasic reaction from occurring
3. C) Epinephrine can improve the outcome of anaphylaxis if given early
4. D) Epinephrine can cure anaphylaxis if given in the right dose

Q6. Based on the sixth paragraph, what is Dr. Thompson’s advice for patients who have experienced anaphylactic shock?

1. A) To undergo allergy testing to identify their triggers
2. B) To avoid allergens and carry emergency medication
3. C) To take antihistamines, corticosteroids, or other medications
4. D) To wear medical alert bracelets or carry identification cards

Q7. Based on the seventh paragraph, what is the main idea of the text?

1. A) Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention and long-term management strategies
2. B) Anaphylactic shock is a complex condition that can be triggered by various allergens and affects multiple organ systems
3. C) Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening condition that can cause shock, organ failure, or death if not treated promptly with epinephrine and medical care
4. D) All of the above

Q8. Based on the text as a whole, what is the intended audience of the text?

1. A) Medical professionals who specialize in allergies and immunology
2. B) General readers who want to learn more about anaphylactic shock
3. C) Patients who have experienced or are at risk of anaphylactic shock
4. D) Researchers who are conducting studies on anaphylaxis and its treatment

OET Reading Sample 05 Answers

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