Part A: Numeracy (15 Questions)

Question 1: A patient is prescribed 750mg of paracetamol. The available tablets are 250mg. How many tablets should the nurse administer?
A) 1 tablet
B) 2 tablets
C) 3 tablets
D) 4 tablets

Question 2: A patient needs an intravenous infusion of 1 liter of saline to be administered over 8 hours. What is the flow rate in ml/hour?
A) 100 ml/hour
B) 125 ml/hour
C) 150 ml/hour
D) 200 ml/hour

Question 3: A child weighs 15 kg and the prescribed dose of a medication is 20mg per kg. What is the total dose required?
A) 150 mg
B) 200 mg
C) 300 mg
D) 350 mg

Question 4: A patient’s blood pressure is recorded as 145/90 mmHg. What is the pulse pressure?
A) 45 mmHg
B) 55 mmHg
C) 65 mmHg
D) 75 mmHg

Question 5: A nurse needs to convert 0.5 grams to milligrams. How many milligrams is this?
A) 5 mg
B) 50 mg
C) 500 mg
D) 5000 mg

Question 6: A patient has a temperature of 39.5°C. What is this temperature in Fahrenheit? (Formula: °F = (°C × 9/5) + 32)
A) 101.1 °F
B) 102.5 °F
C) 103.1 °F
D) 104.5 °F

Question 7: A medication is available as a 10% solution. How many grams of the medication are in 50 ml of the solution?
A) 5 grams
B) 10 grams
C) 0.5 grams
D) 2 grams

Question 8: A patient’s oxygen saturation is 92%. What percentage of oxygen is not bound to haemoglobin?
A) 2%
B) 8%
C) 92%
D) 100%

Question 9: A ward has 30 beds, and 80% of the beds are currently occupied. How many beds are occupied?
A) 6 beds
B) 12 beds
C) 24 beds
D) 28 beds

Question 10: A patient is prescribed insulin at a rate of 5 units per hour. The insulin is in a solution of 100 units in 50 ml of normal saline. What is the infusion rate in ml/hour?
A) 1 ml/hour
B) 2.5 ml/hour
C) 5 ml/hour
D) 10 ml/hour

Question 11: A patient’s fluid intake over 12 hours is 1500 ml. What is the average intake in ml per hour?
A) 100 ml/hour
B) 125 ml/hour
C) 150 ml/hour
D) 175 ml/hour

Question 12: A medication has a half-life of 4 hours. If 200mg of the medication is administered, how much will remain in the body after 8 hours?
A) 25 mg
B) 50 mg
C) 100 mg
D) 150 mg

Question 13: A patient’s weight has increased from 60 kg to 63 kg in 24 hours. What is the percentage increase in weight?
A) 3%
B) 5%
C) 7%
D) 10%

Question 14: A nurse needs to administer medication at 09:45. What is this time in the 24-hour format?
A) 09:45
B) 21:45
C) 08:45
D) 19:45

Question 15: A patient is prescribed a medication that is available in a strength of 5mg per tablet. The required dose is 30mg. How many tablets should be administered?
A) 4 tablets
B) 5 tablets
C) 6 tablets
D) 7 tablets

Part B: Clinical (100 Questions)

Question 16: A patient with a history of asthma is experiencing an acute exacerbation with wheezing and shortness of breath. Which of the following medications should be administered FIRST?
A) Oral prednisolone
B) Inhaled salbutamol
C) Intravenous aminophylline
D) Inhaled fluticasone

Question 17: A nurse is caring for a patient with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the left leg. Which of the following is the MOST important nursing intervention?
A) Encouraging early ambulation
B) Applying warm compresses to the affected leg
C) Elevating the affected leg
D) Massaging the affected leg

Question 18: A patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is found unresponsive. Initial assessment reveals a blood glucose level of 2.5 mmol/L. Which of the following actions should the nurse take FIRST?
A) Administer subcutaneous insulin
B) Administer oral glucose
C) Administer intravenous dextrose
D) Monitor vital signs

Question 19: A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection. Which of the following sites is generally recommended for adults?
A) Deltoid muscle
B) Vastus lateralis muscle
C) Dorsogluteal muscle
D) Rectus femoris muscle

Question 20: A patient post-surgery is reporting pain at the incision site. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial nursing action?
A) Administer the prescribed pain medication
B) Encourage the patient to ambulate
C) Apply a cold compress to the incision site
D) Reassure the patient that pain is normal after surgery

Question 21: A patient with heart failure is prescribed furosemide. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is the nurse MOST important to monitor for?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypokalemia
C) Hypernatremia
D) Hyponatremia

Question 22: A nurse is caring for a patient with a urinary catheter. Which of the following nursing interventions helps prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)?
A) Emptying the drainage bag every 8 hours
B) Ensuring the drainage bag is kept above the level of the bladder
C) Regularly cleaning the perineal area with soap and water
D) Clamping the catheter during patient transfers

Question 23: A patient is receiving a blood transfusion and develops chills, fever, and flank pain. The nurse should FIRST:
A) Slow down the rate of transfusion
B) Stop the transfusion immediately
C) Administer antipyretics
D) Obtain a urine sample

Question 24: A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is receiving oxygen therapy. What is the generally recommended target oxygen saturation range for these patients?
A) 95-100%
B) 92-98%
C) 88-92%
D) 85-90%

Question 25: A nurse is caring for a patient with a pressure ulcer. Which of the following is the MOST important factor in promoting wound healing?
A) Regular application of antiseptic solution
B) Maintaining a clean and moist wound environment
C) Frequent dressing changes
D) Using a heat lamp to dry the wound

Question 26: A patient with a suspected stroke is brought to the emergency department. Which of the following assessments is the priority?
A) Detailed medical history
B) Neurological assessment
C) Cardiovascular assessment
D) Respiratory assessment

Question 27: A nurse is teaching a patient how to use a metered-dose inhaler. Which of the following instructions is correct?
A) Exhale fully, then inhale quickly and deeply while pressing the canister
B) Inhale slowly while pressing the canister, then hold breath for 5-10 seconds
C) Press the canister first, then inhale quickly
D) Inhale deeply, then press the canister and exhale

Question 28: A patient with a fractured femur is in traction. Which of the following nursing interventions is essential to prevent complications?
A) Encouraging active range of motion exercises in the affected leg
B) Ensuring the weights are hanging freely
C) Removing the traction for short periods to allow for skin care
D) Applying heat packs to relieve muscle spasms

Question 29: A nurse is caring for a patient with a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which of the following is the BEST way to verify tube placement before administering a feed?
A) Auscultating over the stomach while injecting air
B) Checking the pH of the aspirate
C) Observing for respiratory distress
D) Measuring the length of the exposed tube

Question 30: A patient is admitted with severe dehydration. Which of the following signs would the nurse expect to observe?
A) Bounding peripheral pulses
B) Increased urine output
C) Tenting of the skin
D) Moist mucous membranes

Question 31: A nurse is caring for a patient with a colostomy. The stoma appears pale and dusky. The nurse should:
A) Document the findings and continue to monitor
B) Apply a warm compress to the stoma
C) Notify the healthcare provider immediately
D) Gently massage around the stoma

Question 32: A patient with a history of falls is being discharged home. Which of the following safety advice is MOST important for the nurse to provide?
A) Encourage the patient to stay indoors as much as possible
B) Advise the patient to wear loose-fitting clothing
C) Recommend the removal of throw rugs and clutter from walkways
D) Suggest the patient rely on family members for all activities

Question 33: A nurse is caring for a patient with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Which of the following precautions is essential?
A) Standard precautions only
B) Droplet precautions
C) Contact precautions
D) Airborne precautions

Question 34: A patient is receiving intravenous potassium chloride. Which of the following nursing actions is crucial?
A) Administering as a rapid bolus
B) Monitoring the infusion site for redness and swelling
C) Ensuring the patient is lying flat during administration
D) Checking the patient’s blood pressure frequently

Question 35: A patient with a mental health disorder is experiencing a manic episode. Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate?
A) Encouraging group therapy sessions
B) Providing a quiet and structured environment
C) Engaging the patient in competitive activities
D) Limiting the patient’s social interactions

Question 36: A nurse is caring for a patient who has just undergone a lumbar puncture. Which of the following positions should the nurse instruct the patient to maintain initially?
A) High Fowler’s position
B) Prone position
C) Supine position
D) Trendelenburg position

Question 37: A patient is prescribed warfarin. The nurse should instruct the patient about the importance of regular monitoring of which of the following blood tests?
A) Complete blood count (CBC)
B) Electrolyte panel
C) Prothrombin time (PT) and International Normalized Ratio (INR)
D) Liver function tests (LFTs)

Question 38: A nurse is caring for a patient with a chest drain. Which of the following observations should be reported immediately to the healthcare provider?
A) Intermittent bubbling in the water seal chamber during expiration
B) Fluctuation of the fluid level in the water seal chamber with respiration
C) Sudden cessation of drainage
D) Gentle bubbling in the suction control chamber

Question 39: A patient in labour is experiencing frequent contractions and reports severe back pain. Which of the following nursing interventions might provide comfort?
A) Encouraging the patient to lie flat on her back
B) Applying firm counter-pressure to the sacral area
C) Limiting the patient’s movement in bed
D) Asking the patient to hold her breath during contractions

Question 40: A nurse is caring for a newborn. Which of the following reflexes is characterized by the infant extending their arms and legs outward in response to a sudden loud noise?
A) Sucking reflex
B) Moro reflex
C) Grasp reflex
D) Rooting reflex

Question 41: A patient with a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) reports experiencing heartburn. Which of the following dietary recommendations is appropriate?
A) Eating large meals three times a day
B) Lying down immediately after eating
C) Avoiding foods that trigger symptoms, such as spicy and fatty foods
D) Increasing intake of acidic fruits like oranges and tomatoes

Question 42: A nurse is caring for an elderly patient who is at high risk for developing pressure ulcers. Which of the following interventions should be implemented?
A) Repositioning the patient every 4 hours
B) Using a standard hospital mattress
C) Keeping the patient’s skin dry and clean
D) Limiting the patient’s fluid intake to prevent skin breakdown

Question 43: A patient is admitted with a suspected overdose of opioids. Which of the following medications is the antidote for opioid overdose?
A) Flumazenil
B) Naloxone
C) Protamine sulfate
D) Vitamin K

Question 44: A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of crutches. Which of the following gaits involves moving both crutches forward together, followed by swinging both legs to meet the crutches?
A) Two-point gait
B) Three-point gait
C) Four-point gait
D) Swing-through gait

Question 45: A patient is scheduled for surgery and expresses anxiety about the procedure. Which of the following nursing responses is MOST therapeutic?
A) “Don’t worry, everything will be fine.”
B) “Your surgeon is very experienced.”
C) “Tell me more about what is making you feel anxious.”
D) “Try to think about something else.”

Question 46: A nurse is caring for a patient with a Hickman line. Which of the following is essential for preventing infection at the insertion site?
A) Daily showering
B) Routine dressing changes using aseptic technique
C) Limiting access to the line
D) Applying antibiotic ointment daily

Question 47: A patient with a history of anaphylaxis has been exposed to a known allergen. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer FIRST?
A) Antihistamine
B) Bronchodilator
C) Epinephrine
D) Corticosteroid

Question 48: A nurse is assessing a patient with peripheral arterial disease. Which of the following findings would the nurse expect to observe?
A) Warm, edematous extremities with irregular ulcers
B) Cool, pale extremities with shiny skin and hair loss
C) Heavily exudative, weeping ulcers on the lower legs
D) Bounding peripheral pulses

Question 49: A patient with a tracheostomy tube requires suctioning. What is the recommended duration for each suction pass?
A) 5-10 seconds
B) 15-20 seconds
C) 30-45 seconds
D) 60 seconds

Question 50: A nurse is caring for a patient with a major depressive disorder. Which of the following is an important aspect of the nursing care plan?
A) Encouraging the patient to stay in bed and rest
B) Providing opportunities for social interaction and engagement
C) Minimizing communication to avoid overwhelming the patient
D) Focusing primarily on the patient’s physical needs

Question 51: A nurse is preparing to insert a peripheral intravenous catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform FIRST?
A) Apply a tourniquet
B) Cleanse the insertion site with antiseptic solution
C) Select an appropriate vein
D) Don gloves

Question 52: A patient with a head injury is being monitored for increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following signs would suggest an increase in ICP?
A) Increased level of consciousness
B) Regular and deep respirations
C) Widening pulse pressure
D) Decreased heart rate

Question 53: A nurse is caring for a patient with neutropenia. Which of the following nursing interventions is a priority?
A) Encouraging a high-fiber diet
B) Limiting visitors with signs of infection
C) Providing meticulous skin care with harsh soaps
D) Administering live vaccines

Question 54: A patient is experiencing a panic attack. Which of the following nursing interventions is MOST appropriate?
A) Leave the patient alone to calm down
B) Encourage the patient to talk about their feelings
C) Administer a sedative medication immediately
D) Physically restrain the patient to prevent harm

Question 55: A nurse is caring for a patient with a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube. What is the primary purpose of this tube?
A) To provide enteral nutrition
B) To drain gastric secretions
C) To control bleeding from esophageal varices
D) To administer oxygen

Question 56: A nurse is teaching a patient about the management of osteoarthritis. Which of the following recommendations is appropriate?
A) Avoid exercise to prevent joint damage
B) Maintain a healthy weight
C) Apply heat only when experiencing severe pain
D) Use assistive devices only when absolutely necessary

Question 57: A patient with a history of heart failure reports sudden, severe shortness of breath that woke them from sleep. This is MOST likely indicative of:
A) Stable angina
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
D) Acute bronchitis

Question 58: A nurse is caring for a patient with a new plaster cast on their arm. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide regarding cast care?
A) Keep the cast covered with plastic to protect it from water
B) Use a coat hanger to scratch under the cast if it itches
C) Elevate the arm on pillows to reduce swelling
D) Apply heat directly to the cast to promote drying

Question 59: A patient with a terminal illness is refusing to eat and expresses a desire for comfort measures only. Which of the following nursing actions is appropriate?
A) Insist the patient eat to maintain strength
B) Respect the patient’s wishes and focus on providing comfort
C) Consult a dietitian for alternative feeding methods
D) Inform the patient’s family that they must encourage eating

Question 60: A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following is a potential complication that the nurse should monitor for?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Fluid volume deficit
C) Infection
D) Hyperkalemia

Question 61: A nurse is assessing a patient with jaundice. Which of the following findings would support this diagnosis?
A) Pale skin and mucous membranes
B) Yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera
C) Increased urine output
D) Low blood pressure

Question 62: A patient with a history of falls is prescribed a medication that can cause orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
A) Get up quickly from a lying or sitting position
B) Drink plenty of fluids
C) Avoid using handrails when walking
D) Monitor blood pressure only when feeling dizzy

Question 63: A nurse is caring for a patient with a central venous catheter. If the catheter becomes dislodged, the nurse should FIRST:
A) Attempt to reinsert the catheter
B) Apply direct pressure to the insertion site
C) Notify the healthcare provider
D) Obtain a chest X-ray

Question 64: A patient with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is experiencing auditory hallucinations. Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate?
A) Argue with the patient about the reality of the voices
B) Encourage the patient to focus on the hallucinations
C) Help the patient identify triggers and coping strategies
D) Isolate the patient to minimize external stimuli

Question 65: A nurse is caring for a patient with a new diagnosis of heart failure. Which of the following discharge instructions is MOST important?
A) Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration
B) Monitor daily weight and report significant gains
C) Engage in strenuous exercise to improve cardiovascular health
D) Discontinue medications if feeling better

Question 66: A nurse is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection of insulin. Which of the following sites is appropriate?
A) Deltoid muscle
B) Dorsogluteal muscle
C) Abdomen
D) Vastus lateralis muscle

Question 67: A patient with a history of hypertension is prescribed a new antihypertensive medication. What is the MOST important nursing intervention after administering the first dose?
A) Encourage the patient to ambulate frequently
B) Monitor the patient’s blood pressure
C) Administer the medication on an empty stomach
D) Restrict the patient’s fluid intake

Question 68: A nurse is caring for a patient with a wound that is healing by secondary intention. Which of the following characteristics is expected?
A) Edges of the wound are well-approximated
B) Minimal scar formation
C) Wound closure occurs spontaneously
D) Granulation tissue fills the wound

Question 69: A nurse is teaching a patient about the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which of the following should be included?
A) Fruity breath odor
B) Increased thirst and urination
C) Tremors and sweating
D) Deep, rapid respirations

Question 70: A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease is likely to experience which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A) Hypercalcemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypochloremia

Question 71: A nurse is caring for a patient with aphasia following a stroke. Which of the following communication strategies is helpful?
A) Speaking loudly and quickly
B) Using complex sentences
C) Providing simple, direct instructions
D) Avoiding eye contact to reduce anxiety

Question 72: A patient is admitted with severe vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following acid-base imbalances is MOST likely to occur?
A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Metabolic alkalosis
C) Respiratory acidosis
D) Respiratory alkalosis

Question 73: A nurse is caring for a patient with a newly inserted central line. What is the BEST way to confirm correct placement of the catheter tip?
A) Observing for blood return
B) Assessing the patient’s comfort level
C) Obtaining a chest X-ray
D) Measuring the external length of the catheter

Question 74: A patient with a history of bipolar disorder is in the depressive phase. Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate?
A) Encourage the patient to engage in numerous activities to lift their mood
B) Provide a quiet and supportive environment
C) Challenge the patient’s negative thoughts directly
D) Minimize contact to allow the patient to rest

Question 75: A nurse is caring for a patient with a stage II pressure ulcer. Which of the following dressings is generally appropriate?
A) Dry gauze dressing
B) Transparent film dressing
C) Hydrocolloid dressing
D) Wet-to-dry dressing

Question 76: A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of a peak flow meter. Which of the following instructions is correct?
A) Blow out as slowly as possible into the mouthpiece
B) Take a deep breath and blow out as hard and fast as possible
C) Inhale and exhale normally through the mouthpiece
D) Use the peak flow meter after taking bronchodilator medications

Question 77: A patient with a history of angina pectoris reports chest pain that is not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin. The nurse should suspect:
A) Stable angina
B) Unstable angina or myocardial infarction
C) Pericarditis
D) Gastroesophageal reflux

Question 78: A nurse is caring for a patient who is post-operative following a total hip replacement. Which of the following positions should the nurse avoid?
A) Abduction of the affected leg
B) Adduction of the affected leg
C) Flexion of the hip less than 90 degrees
D) Use of an abduction pillow

Question 79: A patient with a history of multiple sclerosis is experiencing fatigue. Which of the following recommendations is appropriate?
A) Encourage prolonged periods of rest throughout the day
B) Advise the patient to avoid any physical activity
C) Suggest energy conservation techniques and pacing of activities
D) Recommend increasing strenuous exercise to build endurance

Question 80: A nurse is caring for a patient with a Jackson-Pratt drain. What is the primary purpose of this drain?
A) To provide enteral feeding
B) To administer intravenous fluids
C) To remove excess fluid from the surgical site
D) To monitor intracranial pressure

Question 81: A nurse is assessing a patient with a suspected urinary tract infection (UTI). Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to find?
A) Decreased frequency of urination
B) Cloudy urine with a foul odor
C) Increased urine output
D) Absence of pain during urination

Question 82: A patient with a history of gout is experiencing an acute flare-up. Which of the following medications is commonly used to treat acute gout attacks?
A) Allopurinol
B) Methotrexate
C) Colchicine
D) Prednisone

Question 83: A nurse is caring for a patient with aphasia. Which of the following is an example of receptive aphasia?
A) Difficulty forming words
B) Difficulty understanding spoken language
C) Slow and hesitant speech
D) Inability to write

Question 84: A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia. Which of the following nursing interventions is MOST important to prevent atelectasis?
A) Restricting fluid intake
B) Encouraging frequent coughing and deep breathing exercises
C) Maintaining the patient in a supine position
D) Administering oxygen at a high flow rate

Question 85: A nurse is preparing to administer medication via a nasogastric tube. Which of the following actions is essential?
A) Ensure the medication is in sustained-release form
B) Crush enteric-coated tablets for easier administration
C) Flush the tube with water before and after medication administration
D) Mix all medications together in one syringe

Question 86: A patient with a history of peripheral neuropathy secondary to diabetes reports burning pain in their feet. Which of the following medications is often prescribed for neuropathic pain?
A) Paracetamol
B) Ibuprofen
C) Gabapentin
D) Codeine

Question 87: A nurse is caring for a patient who is about to undergo a paracentesis. What is the MOST appropriate nursing action prior to the procedure?
A) Encourage the patient to drink plenty of fluids
B) Ensure the patient has an empty bladder
C) Administer a sedative medication
D) Position the patient in the Trendelenburg position

Question 88: A patient with a history of seizures is prescribed phenytoin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide regarding this medication?
A) Take the medication on an empty stomach for better absorption
B) Avoid alcohol consumption
C) Increase fluid intake to prevent side effects
D) Stop the medication immediately if any side effects occur

Question 89: A nurse is caring for a patient with a suspected pulmonary embolism. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect to observe?
A) Gradual onset of shortness of breath
B) Productive cough with purulent sputum
C) Sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea
D) Dependent edema in the lower extremities

Question 90: A nurse is teaching a patient with a new ileostomy about stoma care. Which of the following statements is correct?
A) The stool from an ileostomy is typically formed
B) The stoma should be cleaned with harsh antiseptic solutions
C) An appliance should be worn at all times
D) Irrigation of the ileostomy is routinely required

Question 91: A nurse is caring for a patient with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention?
A) Encouraging the patient to talk about their body image constantly
B) Monitoring the patient’s weight and vital signs closely
C) Providing the patient with a high-calorie diet immediately
D) Allowing the patient to control their food intake

Question 92: A patient with a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is likely to experience which of the following urinary symptoms?
A) Increased urine output
B) Painful urination
C) Difficulty starting the urinary stream
D) Urinary incontinence

Question 93: A nurse is caring for a patient who has just had a central venous pressure (CVP) line inserted. What is the normal range for CVP?
A) 0-2 mmHg
B) 2-8 mmHg
C) 10-15 mmHg
D) 15-20 mmHg

Question 94: A patient with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is prescribed warfarin for long-term management. The nurse should instruct the patient to:
A) Increase their intake of green leafy vegetables
B) Avoid activities that could lead to injury
C) Take the medication only when experiencing pain
D) Stop the medication if any bruising occurs

Question 95: A nurse is caring for a patient with a head injury and notes clear fluid draining from the nose. The nurse should suspect:
A) A common cold
B) Cerebrospinal fluid leak
C) Allergic rhinitis
D) Sinusitis

Question 96: A nurse is teaching a patient about the management of heart failure. Which of the following lifestyle modifications should be recommended?
A) Increase sodium intake to prevent fluid loss
B) Limit fluid intake as prescribed by the healthcare provider
C) Engage in high-intensity exercise daily
D) Avoid daily weight monitoring

Question 97: A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving oxygen via a simple face mask. What is the typical flow rate range for this delivery system?
A) 1-3 liters per minute
B) 4-8 liters per minute
C) 10-15 liters per minute
D) 15-20 liters per minute

Question 98: A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following medications is commonly used to reduce gastric acid secretion?
A) Antacids
B) Proton pump inhibitors
C) Laxatives
D) Antiemetics

Question 99: A nurse is assessing a patient with a suspected hip fracture. Which of the following findings is characteristic of a hip fracture?
A) Internal rotation of the affected leg
B) Shortening of the affected leg
C) Inability to bear weight on the unaffected leg
D) Absence of pain on movement

Question 100: A nurse is caring for a patient with a newly diagnosed sexually transmitted infection. Which of the following nursing actions is MOST important?
A) Inform the patient’s family members
B) Provide education about transmission and prevention
C) Report the infection to the patient’s employer
D) Ensure the patient’s name is added to a public health registry

Question 101: A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of falls. Which of the following environmental modifications can help prevent falls at home?
A) Using dimly lit night lights
B) Installing grab bars in the bathroom
C) Keeping electrical cords across walkways
D) Wearing socks without shoes

Question 102: A patient with a history of atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin. The nurse understands that the primary goal of this medication is to:
A) Lower the patient’s heart rate
B) Prevent blood clot formation
C) Control the patient’s blood pressure
D) Reduce the risk of stroke

Question 103: A nurse is caring for a patient with a stage III pressure ulcer. Which of the following is a characteristic of a stage III pressure ulcer?
A) Non-blanchable erythema of intact skin
B) Partial-thickness skin loss involving the epidermis and dermis
C) Full-thickness skin loss with damage to subcutaneous tissue
D) Full-thickness skin loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle

Question 104: A nurse is teaching a patient about the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following is a key aspect of self-management?
A) Eliminating all carbohydrates from the diet
B) Regular blood glucose monitoring
C) Avoiding all forms of exercise
D) Skipping medication doses when blood glucose is within normal limits

Question 105: A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving mechanical ventilation. Which of the following nursing interventions is crucial to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?
A) Routine oral care
B) Frequent repositioning of the patient in the bed
C) Maintaining the head of the bed at 30-45 degrees
D) All of the above

Question 106: A patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed an ACE inhibitor. The nurse should monitor for which of the following common side effects?
A) Weight gain
B) Persistent dry cough
C) Increased energy levels
D) Hair loss

Question 107: A nurse is caring for a patient with a new diagnosis of diverticulitis. Which of the following dietary recommendations is appropriate during an acute episode?
A) A high-fiber diet
B) A clear liquid diet
C) A diet rich in whole grains
D) A diet containing nuts and seeds

Question 108: A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of epilepsy who experiences tonic-clonic seizures. What is the priority nursing action during a seizure?
A) Restrain the patient to prevent injury
B) Place a padded tongue blade between the patient’s teeth
C) Protect the patient from injury and maintain a patent airway
D) Administer anti-seizure medication intravenously

Question 109: A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of a walker. Which of the following instructions is correct?
A) Move the walker forward while leaning on it
B) Step into the walker after moving it forward
C) Keep the walker close to the body and move it forward one step at a time
D) Lift the walker and place it several steps ahead

Question 110: A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of chronic pain. Which of the following approaches is recommended for pain management?
A) Administering opioid medications on an as-needed basis
B) Focusing solely on pharmacological interventions
C) Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach including non-pharmacological methods
D) Avoiding discussion of pain to prevent the patient from focusing on it

Question 111: A nurse is caring for a patient with a suspected case of meningitis. Which of the following signs would be indicative of meningeal irritation?
A) Bradycardia
B) Increased appetite
C) Nuchal rigidity
D) Decreased reflexes

Question 112: A patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed a beta-blocker. The nurse should monitor for which of the following potential side effects?
A) Tachycardia
B) Hypertension
C) Bradycardia
D) Increased energy

Question 113: A nurse is caring for a patient with a new ileostomy. When should the patient expect the initial passage of stool after surgery?
A) Immediately after surgery
B) Within 24-48 hours
C) After 3-5 days
D) After one week

Question 114: A nurse is teaching a patient about the importance of foot care in diabetes mellitus. Which of the following instructions is crucial?
A) Soak feet in hot water daily
B) Cut toenails straight across
C) Walk barefoot at home to improve circulation
D) Apply lotion between the toes to prevent dryness

Question 115: A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving a continuous intravenous infusion of heparin. Which of the following laboratory tests is used to monitor the therapeutic effect of heparin?
A) Prothrombin time (PT)
B) International Normalized Ratio (INR)
C) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
D) Platelet count