OET READING MATERIAL SAMPLE TEST – 4 WITH ANSWERS
Paragraph 1
Obesity is an increasingly prevalent condition worldwide, impacting both developed and developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that rates of obesity have tripled globally since 1975. This alarming increase can be attributed to a combination of factors, including unhealthy dietary patterns, a sedentary lifestyle, and, to some extent, genetic predispositions. Although obesity is often regarded as a lifestyle issue, its implications reach far beyond individual choices, affecting public health, economies, and even environmental sustainability. Understanding the complex causes of obesity is essential to implementing effective interventions.
1. What is the primary focus of paragraph 1?
A. The increasing rates of obesity worldwide
B. The need for action on obesity
C. How obesity affects economic stability
D. The environmental impact of obesity
Paragraph 2
In many societies, the availability and affordability of highly processed foods contribute significantly to obesity rates. These foods are typically high in fats, sugars, and salt, and are aggressively marketed to children and adults alike. Unlike fresh produce, which can be costly and less accessible in certain areas, processed foods are more convenient and often cheaper, making them an attractive choice for many. Additionally, fast-food chains proliferate in urban areas, creating environments that facilitate the consumption of calorie-dense meals with minimal nutritional value. Consequently, the consumption of such foods has become a major driver of rising obesity levels.
2. According to paragraph 2, why are processed foods a major contributor to obesity?
A. They are the choice of many.
B. They are being eaten from childhood.
C. They are more affordable and convenient.
D. They contain essential ingredients.
Paragraph 3
Physical inactivity is another primary factor leading to obesity, especially in urbanized societies. Modern lifestyles often involve minimal physical movement, with many people working desk jobs, driving instead of walking, and engaging in passive entertainment like watching television or using smartphones. The conveniences of technology, while beneficial, have reduced physical exertion, making it easier for individuals to gain weight. Regular physical activity, however, helps maintain a healthy weight and reduces the risk of obesity-related diseases. Encouraging active lifestyles in workplaces, schools, and communities is one approach to combat the trend toward inactivity.
3. What does the author suggest about physical activity in paragraph 3?
A. Inactivity is a major factor in rising obesity rates.
B. Urban lifestyles tend to promote physical activity.
C. Technology has increased desk jobs.
D. People are more inclined to work desk jobs now.
Paragraph 4
Genetics also plays a role in obesity, although it is not a standalone cause. Certain genetic variations can predispose individuals to store fat more efficiently or to experience greater hunger, making it more challenging for some people to maintain a healthy weight. Nevertheless, genetics alone cannot explain the rapid rise in obesity rates observed over the last few decades. It is widely accepted that environmental and lifestyle factors are the primary drivers, while genetics may merely exacerbate the effects of an already obesogenic environment. This highlights the need for public health policies that target environmental factors.
4. In paragraph 4, what is the author’s position on genetics as a cause of obesity?
A. Genetics is the sole cause of obesity.
B. Genetics is not a single factor in obesity.
C. Genetics alone cannot explain rising obesity rates.
D. Genetics eliminates the need for lifestyle interventions.
Paragraph 5
The health consequences of obesity are extensive, impacting nearly every system in the body. Obesity increases the risk of chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer. Moreover, obesity is often linked to psychological issues, including low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety. These health risks are not only burdensome for affected individuals but also place a substantial strain on healthcare systems globally. As the number of people with obesity rises, so too does the demand for medical services, creating an unsustainable burden on public health resources.
5. What health issues associated with obesity are highlighted in paragraph 5?
A. Physiological and psychological health issues
B. Low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety
C. The risk of chronic conditions
D. Unsustainable burden on public health
Paragraph 6
Beyond individual health, obesity has significant economic costs. Treating obesity-related conditions requires considerable healthcare expenditure, and individuals with obesity often face decreased productivity due to health-related work absences. The economic impact of obesity extends to lost labor, reduced earning potential, and higher insurance premiums, all of which contribute to a larger societal burden. Addressing obesity, therefore, is not only a health priority but also an economic necessity for governments seeking to reduce healthcare spending and improve population well-being.
6. According to paragraph 6, what is one economic consequence of obesity?
A. Economic necessity for governments
B. Higher healthcare costs and reduced productivity
C. More job opportunities in the healthcare industry
D. Reduced strain on public health resources
Paragraph 7
The fight against obesity requires a multi-faceted approach involving individuals, communities, and governments. While individuals can adopt healthier eating habits and increase physical activity, governments play a crucial role by implementing policies that make healthy choices more accessible. Initiatives like banning junk food advertisements directed at children, providing subsidies for fresh produce, and developing safe spaces for exercise are some strategies that can be effective. In addition, public health campaigns aimed at educating people about the risks of obesity and how to prevent it are essential for fostering long-term change. Only through collective efforts can the obesity epidemic be effectively addressed.
7. What approach does the author suggest in paragraph 7 to combat obesity?
A. Primarily government intervention such as banning junk food
B. Reliance on public health campaigns
C. A joint effort by individuals and governments
D. Complete personal responsibility for health choices
1. Answer: A. The increasing rates of obesity worldwide
Rationale: The paragraph introduces obesity as a widespread condition, citing the WHO’s statistics and explaining that various factors contribute to its rise.
2. Answer: C. They are more affordable and convenient.
Rationale: The paragraph discusses the affordability and convenience of processed foods as reasons why they contribute significantly to obesity.
3. Answer: A. Inactivity is a major factor in rising obesity rates.
Rationale: The paragraph explains how sedentary lifestyles and reduced physical movement contribute to obesity, emphasizing the importance of physical activity.
4. Answer: C. Genetics alone cannot explain rising obesity rates.
Rationale: The paragraph discusses that while genetics may predispose individuals to obesity, lifestyle, and environmental factors are the primary contributors.
5. Answer: A. Physiological and psychological health issues
Rationale: The paragraph outlines physical health risks, such as diabetes and heart disease, as well as psychological effects like depression and low self-esteem.
6. Answer: B. Higher healthcare costs and reduced productivity
Rationale: The paragraph discusses how obesity’s health impacts create economic challenges, such as healthcare expenses and loss of productivity.
7. Answer: C. A joint effort by individuals and governments
Rationale: The paragraph emphasizes a comprehensive approach to tackling obesity, involving individual efforts and government policies to support healthier lifestyles.
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